Van wie was Émilie du Châtelet?

Gabrielle Émilie Le Tonnelier de Breteuil, Marquise du Châtelet (French: [emili dy ʃɑtlɛ] ; 17 December 1706 – 10 September 1749) was a French mathematician and physicist.

Her most recognized achievement is her philosophical magnum opus, Institutions de Physique (Paris, 1740, first edition; Foundations of Physics). She then revised the text substantially for a second edition with the slightly modified title Institutions physiques (Paris, 1742). It circulated widely, generated heated debates, and was translated into German and Italian in 1743. The Institutions covers a wide range of topics, including the principles of knowledge, the existence of God, hypotheses, space, time, matter and the forces of nature. Several chapters treat Newton's theory of universal gravity and associated phenomena. Later in life, she translated into French, and wrote an extensive commentary on, Isaac Newton's Philosophiæ Naturalis Principia Mathematica. The text, published posthumously in 1756, is still considered the standard French translation to this day.

Du Châtelet participated in the famous vis viva debate, concerning the best way to measure the force of a body and the best means of thinking about conservation principles. Posthumously, her ideas were represented prominently in the most famous text of the French Enlightenment, the Encyclopédie of Denis Diderot and Jean le Rond d'Alembert, first published shortly after du Châtelet's death.

She is also known as the intellectual collaborator with and romantic partner of Voltaire. In the two centuries since her death, numerous biographies, books, and plays have been written about her life and work. In the early twenty-first century, her life and ideas have generated renewed interest.

Jean François de Saint-Lambert (French: [ʒɑ̃ fʁɑ̃swa də sɛ̃ lɑ̃bɛʁ]; 26 December 1716 – 9 February 1803) was a French poet, philosopher and military officer.

Voltaire, pseudoniem van François Marie Arouet (Parijs, 21 november 1694 – aldaar, 30 mei 1778), was een Frans schrijver, dichter, essayist, filosoof en vrijdenker. Hij kan worden beschouwd als de prominente voortrekker van de Franse Verlichting. Voltaire had als schrijver grote invloed op het intellectuele leven van zijn tijd. Goethe stelde dat Voltaire de aanstichter was van de Franse Revolutie, omdat hij de oude banden van de mensheid zou hebben losgemaakt.